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Background: COVID-19 has become a serious public health issue throughout the world's healthcare system due to its rapid spread. Because COVID-19 is so contagious, workers must be properly trained to prevent the virus from spreading to them. Protective clothing, sanitised gloves, and respirators are just a few examples of the safety precautions that need to be taken. Dental institutions and their affiliated health centres and research stations have been severely impacted by the coronavirus outbreak. According to the World Health Organisation (2020), the risk of fast infection is higher among individuals who are close to or who operate near the COVID-19 patients, for instance, family members or health practitioners. This research was conducted to determine the level of knowledge, preparedness, and perception of COVID-19 among dentists in the private and public dental sectors. Method(s): A cross-sectional study was conducted that used a non-probability sampling method. The data were collected through online questionnaires between February 2021 and June 2021, where standardized close-ended questions were asked via Google forms from dentists in public and private dental sectors in five regions of Saudi Arabia. A total of 145 people responded to the questionnaire;three of them decided not to participate in the study, while 30 respondents failed to select the correct answer to the quality assurance question. The remaining 112 respondents were included in the analysis. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences (IRB-2021-DOH-021). Result(s): The findings showed that most dentists (58%) had high knowledge of COVID-19, which was followed closely by those who had average knowledge (34.8%), while the rest (7.1%) had insufficient knowledge about COVID-19. In terms of evaluating the level of preparedness, which included the method of prevention and practice of dentists while dealing with COVID19, results showed that most of the respondents (42.9%) indicated that they have the highest preparedness level. Concerning the level of perception of dentists toward COVID-19, the results showed that the majority (48.2%) of dentists had the highest perception. However, the perception level was higher compared to their level of preparedness but lower compared to their level of knowledge. Conclusion(s): Dentists in KSA have enough understanding of COVID-19 transmission and general information. As the number of COVID-19 cases in KSA and other countries continue to grow, dentists must stay up to date on the latest information concerning the disease. Continuous educational programs are required to improve the understanding of infection management. Copyright © 2022 Alharbi et al.
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Background: The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19 is high and is associated with a worse prognosis. The objective of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with AKI in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Method(s): In this retrospective, single-center study, we analyzed data from electronic medical records of 494 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. We collected clinical and analytical data of baseline characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with AKI. Result(s): During the study period, 129 (26.1%) out of 494 COVID-19 patients, developed AKI. The proportions with stages 1, 2, 3, 3D AKI were 46.5%, 30.2%, 10.9%, and 12.4%, respectively. In-hospital AKI mortality was 35.7%. The risk factors for AKI were previous chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.2, p= 0.003);admission to intensive care unit (ICU) (OR = 4.8, 95% CI 1.5- 10.2, p= <0.001);neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) >6.3 (OR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.5-3.4, p= 0.001);and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) >1220 (OR= 1.2, 95% CI 1.01-2.1, p= 0.019). Among AKI survivors, 74 (91.36%) patients had renal recovery at discharge. Patients who recovered had median of NLR and SII on admission significantly lower than renal non-recovery and deceased patients, p < 0.001. Conclusion(s): NLR and SII are risk factors associated with AKI in addition to previous CKD, and admission to ICU. AKI is common among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, which is associated with higher mortality. The majority of AKI survivors at discharge recovered renal function. Further studies are needed to determine if lower levels of NLR and SII on admission are predictors of recovery of kidney function in patients with COVID-19.
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Aim: During the COVID-19 pandemic, UK intercollegiate guidelines shifted to favour non-operative approach and open surgical approach when required in the management of acute appendicitis. The aim of this study was to assess diagnostic and management approaches during the COVID-19 peak and post-peak period and further evaluate short term patient outcomes. Method(s): A retrospective observational study was performed which included all patients with a clinical or radiological diagnosis of acute appendicitis during peak of COVID-19 (01/04/2020-30/ 06/2020) and post-peak (01/07/2020-30/ 09/2020). Patient demographics, clinical presentation, investigative findings, management approach and clinical outcomes were recorded by two observers. Result(s): Sample consisted of 188 patents (COVID peak N = 88;post-peak N = 102). There was no significant difference between baseline characteristics (age, ASA, F:M, biochemical markers, CT findings). The median duration of symptoms were 1.5 days during peak and 2 days post-peak. During COVID peak more imaging was performed to confirm the diagnosis (peak 69.3% vs post peak 57%;P = 0.081) with CT being the most common modality (N = 101, 76.5%). Majority of the patients were managed surgically during both periods (79.5% vs 81%). Conservative management failure rate was 27% (N = 10) (peak 27.8% vs post-peak 26.3%). More laparoscopic appendicectomies were performed during post-peak period (96.5% vs 65.3%;P < 0.001) and open appendicectomies were more frequent during peak (34.7% vs 3.4%;P < 0.001). There were no significant differences identified in patient outcomes between the two groups (P > 0.05). Only one patient developed mild COVID postoperatively. Less negative appendicectomies were performed during COVID peak (10.7% vs 16.5% post-peak). Conclusion(s): Laparoscopic appendicectomy remains to be a safe approach to manage acute appendicitis, even in 'time-limited' situations. Cross sectional imaging is a helpful tool in aiding the appropriate management plan in acute appendicitis cases.
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INTRODUCTION: Previous studies suggest that delayed initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is associated with higher patient mortality. Hence, we hypothesized that prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) prior to ECMO was associated with higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. METHOD(S): The COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium, a prospective international multicenter registry, was queried for all patients with COVID-19 infection who received IMV and ECMO. Patients who were intubated prior to transfer to a study site were excluded. The primary variable was number of days on IMV prior to ECMO initiation and study endpoint was death or discharge from the study site. Cox proportional hazards model for the time between ECMO initiation and death was built using covariates including age, gender, selected comorbidities, and time intervals from ICU admission to IMV and IMV to ECMO initiation. RESULT(S): Between 1/1/2020 and 6/6/2022, A total of 593 patients from 107 study sites and 25 countries were included in the analysis. In this cohort, the median age was 50 (Interquartile range [IQR]: 40-58) years. Obesity and hypertension were prevalent among 220 (38.4%) and 223 (38.8%) of the patients, respectively. Twenty-four (4.2%) patients had chronic pulmonary disease. Prior to ECMO initiation, patients spent a median of 3.68 (IQR: 1.36-8.07) days in the ICU and a median of 2.49 (IQR: 0.88-5.65) days on IMV. Overall mortality was 47.2% with 3.9% patients' status not finalized or unknown. According to the final survival model, the number of days on IMV prior to ECMO initiation was not associated with mortality. The hazard ratios for 0, 3, 7, and 14 days of pre-ECMO IMV were 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83 to 1.07), 1.02 (95% CI: 0.97 to 1.08), 1.09 (95% CI: 0.92 to 1.3) and 1.09 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.42), respectively. Other noticeable contributory factors in the model included age and gender. CONCLUSION(S): Among patients with COVID-19 who received ECMO, the length of pre-ECMO IMV was not associated with hospital mortality. Further studies evaluating the ventilator settings before and after ECMO initiation are needed.
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Background. Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine, Adjuvanted (5 mug recombinant spike protein/50 mug Matrix-MTM adjuvant;NVX-CoV2373) has received regulatory authorizations for use in adults >= 18 years globally. Methods. Participants from PREVENT-19 (NCT04611802), a phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial that evaluated the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a primary series of 2 doses of NVX-CoV2373 given 21 days apart, in adults >= 18 years in the United States and Mexico, were eligible to receive a booster dose at least 6 months after the initial vaccination series. Short-term safety and immunogenicity of the booster dose was assessed in an ad hoc analysis of 298 participants. Results. There was an incremental increase compared to the initial vaccination series in local and systemic reactogenicity, which was transient and mostly mild-to-moderate in intensity. Most unsolicited adverse events were also mild-to-moderate in severity;there were no deaths or treatment-related SAEs and 2/298 booster recipients in this analysis reported unrelated SAEs. Neutralizing, anti-S IgG, and hACE2 receptor binding inhibiting antibodies against the ancestral (Wuhan) strain 28 days after booster were higher than those 14 days after primary vaccination (Table). Overall, humoral responses were high regardless of interval between priming and booster vaccination, but a longer interval yielded stronger responses. Higher immune responses against the Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 variants were also observed after the booster dose than after the primary series in a subset of 14-18 participants tested. Overall, humoral responses were high and broad regardless of age after any vaccination, but higher responses were observed in adults < 65 years after initial and booster vaccinations. A booster dose induced more robust antibody responses compared with the primary series in adults >= 65 years. Conclusion. A single booster dose of NVX-CoV2373 demonstrated a satisfactory safety profile, and high levels of neutralizing, anti-S IgG, and hACE2 inhibition antibody responses against the SARS-CoV-2 prototype Wuhan as well as against the Omicron variant including recently emerged sub-variants. (Table Presented).
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Background. Clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies therapy (MAB) for COVID-19 demonstrated the risk reduction of COVID related hospitalization and death of any cause if administered within the first 7 days from the symptom onset. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for MAB within 10 days from the symptom onset. Our objective was to evaluate how duration of symptoms before MAB affects disease outcome following therapy. (Figure Presented) Methods. We evaluated a relationship between symptoms duration prior to MAB and disease outcome following treatment by measuring number of emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations and ICU admissions within 14 days and number of deaths within 30 days of MAB. Based on the symptom duration, patients were classified in typical (1-7 days) and late group (8-10 days of symptoms). We evaluated outcomes according to the symptom duration using absolute risk reduction and used Chi-squared tests to assess statistical significance using an alpha of p< 0.05. Results. From 3898 patients, 3074 (78.9%) were treated within 7 days from the symptom onset. Demographics were similar in both typical and late group. Majority of treated patients in both groups were Non-Hispanic Caucasians suggesting racial and ethnic disparities potentially due to a lack of access to healthcare. All comorbidities were similar or higher in the typical group except for obesity that was more frequent in the late group. Compared with typical, late group had more ED visits (9.22% vs 7.16% p=0.04) and hospitalizations (4.98% vs 3.68%, p=0.08). Absolute risk of progression to severe disease measured through the number of ICU admissions and deaths was low across the groups, and difference was not statistically significant. Adjusted for demographics and comorbidities, patients from the late group were 1.35 times more likely to seek help in the ED and 1.72 times more likely to get hospitalized. (Figure Presented) Conclusion. Despite FDA EUA allowing for the use of MAB up to 10 days from the symptom's onset, our real-world findings suggest that patients benefit most when treatment is administered within 7-day from the symptom onset as consistent with clinical trials.
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Aim: The devastating consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak have forced security personnel to alter their methods and behaviors. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, functioning and future implications of COVID-19 on the lives of security guards. Methodology: A cross sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among the 296 security guards of Bhubaneswar city. A 18-item, closed-ended, self-structured questionnaire was designed to gather data. The questionnaire was designed on a 2 point likert scale. Data were analysed using IBM's SPSS version 26.0 for the Social Sciences. The frequency and percentages were used to describe categorical values. Chi-Square test and ANOVA were employed. The level of significance was fixed at 0.05. Result(s): The majority of participants were between the ages of 31 and 40 (n=132, 44.6%) and that between 13,000 and 15,000 was the average monthly income for the security guards. All the participants were aware about the COVID-19 pandemic and its affect on human body. Sixty three personnel had been detected positive for COVID-19 and none of them used any preventive measures. About 97% of the guards agreed that the pandemic had an influence on their work. Only 3% of the guards had taken on other jobs as a secondary source of income. Conclusion(s): Security guards are an essential group of front-line healthcare providers offering additional services in the management of COVID-19.COVID-19 had a great impact on the economic lives of the security guards. Copyright © 2023 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the factors that affect the acceptance of vaccines and especially those for COVID-19, in Greek primary healthcare workers (HCWs) and members of the general adult population of the city of Thessaloniki. METHOD The study was based on a self-reported questionnaire consisting of 29 questions. The first 13 questions were related to the demographic characteristics of the sample, and 16 questions were designed to evaluate the acceptance of vaccines in general and the COVID-19 vaccine in particular. Responses were collected from a sample of 235 adults. Associations were determined by Pearson's Chi-square test. RESULTS Several factors affect the reluctance of HCWs and members of the general population to be vaccinated, among which age, gender, parenthood and job specialty were the main factors associated with hesitancy. Citizens were in favor of the compulsory vaccination for health professionals, while the majority of HCWs disagreed with this policy (p=0.019). Younger participants, especially unmarried citizens without children, reported that they do not trust the efficacy of the expert committee (p=0.0002) and the beneficial effects of the vaccines on public health (p=0.00001). The majority of the females reported that they do not trust the experts (p=0.0032). CONCLUSIONS The attitudes towards the vaccination program of HCWs and the general population should be assessed by governments in order to plan strategies to manage hesitancy and gain the trust of the people and protect public health. Copyright © Athens Medical Society www.mednet.gr/archives.
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Introduction: Italy was the first European country to face up with COVID-19 pandemic, which posed challenges to National Health System (NHS), including the need to adapt mental health services/ infrastructures and implement digitalization. Objective(s): Despite telepsychiatry (ie., delivery of psychiatric care remotely through IT), is extensively used in non-European countries, only during the COVID-19 pandemic, became a convincing alternative to face-to-face modality for many psychiatrists in their clinical practice. Our aim was investigating Italian psychiatrists' opinion about telepsychiatry. Method(s): A questionnaire, disseminated during the third Italian phase, constituted by three sections (socio-demographic, opinions and personal experience about/with telepsychiatry) was build by adapting the 42-item questionnaire by Schubert (2019) and CAMH's Client Experience Survey from the psychiatrist's perspective. Result(s): 90 questionnaires were collected from a sample of 54 women (60%) with an average age of 43(SD=11.4). Mostly were psychiatrists (85.6%) working in NHS (66.7%) with an average working years of 13.7(SD=11.5) and a previous experience in telepsychiatry (71.1%). Overall, participants do not believe that telepsychiatry is comparable with face-to-face modality. A significant positive opinion was reported among younger psychiatrists compared to those more experienced, regarding efficacy, feasibility and mental health access (p<0.05). No significant differences were reported in psychiatrists' opinion, according to the level of telepsychiatry use in their clinical practice. Conclusion(s): Overall, sufficient digital skills and knowledge of technological tools are evident among younger psychiatrists who also appeared to be more prone to implement telepsychiatry in their clinical practice.
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Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic people experience higher levels of negative emotions, as well as face many negative and intense emotions felt by others. Thus, it is important to look for risk and protective factors that allow and help individuals to regulate these negative emotions and adapt to the hardships of the COVID- 19 pandemic. Objective(s): The main aims of the study were to (i) test how empathic dimensions (perspective taking, empathic concern and personal distress) and emotion regulation abilities were related to intensity of depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown in Poland, as well as to (ii) check if emotion regulation difficulties and personal distress predicted slower decrease in depressive symptoms over the two months in which the number of COVID-19 cases declined in Poland. Method(s): A total of 792 participants took part in the three-wave panel study. The sample was representative of the Polish population in terms of gender, age, and place of residence. Participants completed the following online questionnaires: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form, and Brief version of the Empathic Sensitivity. Result(s): Significant positive correlations were found between depressive symptoms and both personal distress and emotion regulation difficulties during the lockdown. Moreover, emotion regulation difficulties were the only significant predictor of slower decrease in depressive symptoms over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion(s): It seems that interventions focused on improvement of emotion regulation abilities could be particularly beneficial in reducing depressive symptoms during the pandemic and preventing potential negative long-term outcomes.
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Background: Understanding outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the impact of COVID-19 vaccination deserve significant consideration for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with ocrelizumab (OCR). Aim(s): To report the number, characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 cases in all OCR-treated patients and in those with COVID-19 vaccination (i.e. breakthrough cases) in two realworld cohort studies. Method(s): We analysed data from OCR-treated patients enrolled in ongoing, prospective, noninterventional studies conducted in Germany (CONFIDENCE, EUPAS22951) and in 25 other countries (MuSicalE, NCT03593590). COVID-19 seriousness was assessed per ICH guidelines. Outcomes were captured as recovered, recovered with sequelae, recovering, not recovered or fatal. Vaccine breakthroughs were cases with COVID-19 onset >=14 days after completion of the primary immunisation schedule recommended for each COVID-19 vaccine platform. 'Unvaccinated' included patients without COVID-19 vaccination recorded (including the prevaccination era) or with incomplete immunisation scheme. Result(s): Analyses included 1,702 OCR-treated patients from MuSicalE (73.1% relapsing-remitting MS, 21.2% primary progressive MS [PPMS], 5.6% relapsing secondary progressive MS) and 2,784 from CONFIDENCE (81.7% relapsing MS, 18.3% PPMS). As of March 2022 (preliminary data), completion of primary immunisation schedule was recorded for 542 (31.8%) and 710 (25.5%) patients in each study, mainly with mRNA vaccines (72.3% and 93.8%). COVID-19 infection was reported in 189 and 122 patients in MuSicalE and CONFIDENCE (11.1% and 4.4% among all patients), mostly reported as nonserious (85.2% and 83.6%), including 71 and 31 vaccine breakthroughs (13.1% and 4.4% among fully vaccinated patients). The following rates were reported in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients in MuSicalE and CONFIDENCE, respectively: (a) hospitalisations, 8.5% (6/71) vs 16.0% (19/118) and 9.7% (3/31) vs 14.3% (13/91);(b) serious cases, 8.5% (6/71) vs 17.8% (21/118) and 9.7% (3/31) vs 18.7% (17/91);(c) fatalities, 1.4% (1/71) vs 2.5% (3/118) and 0 deaths vs 2.2% (2/91). In both studies, the majority of patients had fully recovered (79.9% and 74.6%) or were recovering (11.1% and 7.4%) at last follow-up. Updated vaccination rates will be presented. Conclusion(s): Most COVID-19 cases were nonserious in these OCR-treated patient cohorts. Initial data suggest more favourable clinical outcomes associated with COVID-19 vaccination.
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Background and/or Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and patient satisfaction with telehealth (TH) visits administered by non-surgical physicians, surgical physicians, and mid-level providers in a multidisciplinary spine practice. Design(s): Cross Sectional Study Setting: Multidisciplinary spine practice at large academic medical center Participants: 407 patients with TH appointment between June 1, 2021 and December 2, 2021 Interventions: Patients received an electronic survey developed to characterize patients' TH experiences. Main Outcome Measure(s): Respondents were surveyed on TH appointment type, type of medical provider, purpose of TH appointment, reason for TH utilization, length of time for visit, technical components to the visit, patient demographics, respondents level of satisfaction and likelihood to recommend. Result(s): 407 patients responded to survey. First time TH utilization was 48.6%. Gender utilization was higher with those who identified as female (65.6%). The largest age group utilizing TH was ages 65-74 years old (41%). Majority of respondents, 86.2%, identified as White, 8.1% identified as Black or African American and 6.6% identified as Hispanic or Latino. Medical care via TH was evenly distributed amongst all providers: 33.9% of respondents meet with a surgeon, 35.4% with non-surgical physicians, and 30.7% with a mid-level provider. A majority of visits were follow-up appointments (46.4%) new patient appointment made up 26.3% of visits 21.9% of appointments were post injection follow ups and 5.4% were for post-surgery follow up. Reasons listed for TH utilization: long distance to travel (35.9%) ease and convenience of virtual visit (23.3%) 4.4% to maintain social distancing during the COVID -19 Pandemic. 96.8% of respondents were very satisfied or satisfied with their TH visit, with 93.6% recommending TH visit to others. Conclusion(s): The study demonstrates that TH is a satisfactory and convenient option to care for patients in a multidisciplinary spine practice.
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Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is common and often associated with poor prognosis. Early prediction of AKI that may allow early and effective interventions is essential to improve clinical outcomes. In this study we aimed to validate the USCD-Mayo risk score for AKI in a non-ICU population of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in a Bolivian referral center. Method(s): One hundred and thirty-nine patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from Hospital Obrero No 2 - CNS in Cochabamba, Bolivia were enrolled in this study. Data for predictor variables was extracted from patient's medical records and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC -WHO) case report forms at hospital admission. The UCSD-Mayo risk score was calculated using the original equation (Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017;32(5): 814-822). Patient information was recorded from the time of diagnosis and renal function was followed up daily up to 7 days. AKI was defined using KDIGO serum creatinine criteria. Result(s): A total of 77 patients (55.4%) developed AKI, 75.3% were male with a mean age of 67 years (SD 15). The patients who developed AKI had significantly higher UCSD-Mayo score (>=5 points) than those without AKI (36,4% [n=28] vs. 17,7% [n=11];0.015). Positive and negative predictive values for the optimal cutoff value of >= 5 points in the cohort were 72% and 51% respectively with an odds ratio of 2.65 (95% CI 1.19-5.89;p=0.015). The UCSD-Mayo risk score performance was regular in predicting AKI with a ROC-AUC of 0.632 (95% CI 0.540 -0.725;p = 0.07). As expected, mortality was higher in patients who developed AKI compared to those that did not (57%, [n=44] vs. 40,3% [n=25];0.049). None of the patients who developed AKI required KRT. Conclusion(s): We validated the performance of UCSD-Mayo risk score in predicting hospital-acquired AKI in COVID-19 patients, which showed regular performance. More studies will be needed in order to validate this score in COVID-19 patients. This type of risk assessment tools could help clinicians stratify patients for primary prevention, surveillance and early therapeutic interventions to improve the care and outcomes of COVID-19 patients.
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Introduction: Evidence suggests patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving TNF-antagonists have attenuated response to vaccination against COVID-19 {1}. Aims & Methods: We sought to determine the impact of IBD and various medications for treatment of IBD on antibody responses after 3rd vaccine dose against COVID-19. Patients with IBD (n=202) and healthy controls (HC, n= 92) were recruited prospectively. Quantitative antibody responses were assessed following COVID-19 vaccination and ACE2 binding inhibition assay to assess viral inhibition (or neutralization) were also assessed. The impact of IBD and medications for treatment of IBD on vaccine response rates was investigated. Result(s): Median age of IBD patients was 37.3 compared to 41.4 in HCs (p = 0.3). 60% of IBD patients were male compared to 23% of HCS (p =<0.001). Median time from 3rd vaccine dose to serum collection was 9.9 weeks in HCs versus 9.0 weeks in our IBD cohort (p = 0.75). 100% of HC seroconverted post 3rd vaccination. 1% (n=2) of patients with IBD failed to seroconvert. Median anti-spike protein (SP) immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels post-third vaccination in our IBD cohort was significantly lower than HC (7,862 AU/mL versus 19,622 AU/mL, p=<0.001). Median ACE2 binding inhibition (IQR) in our IBD cohort was significantly lower than HCs (97.1% (72.9 - 99.1) versus 99.9% (99.1 - 99.9), p = <0.001) with 28 (13.9%) IBD patients having ACE2 binding inhibition < 50% compared to 0 (0%) HCs (p = < 0.001). All IBD patients with ACE 2 inhibition levels < 50% were receiving biologic therapy. Breakdown of biologics received is as follows: 21 (75%) infliximab, 4 (14.2%) adalimumab, 1 (3.6%) golimumab and 1 (3.6%) vedolizumab therapy. than IBD patients not receiving TNF-inhibitors (n = 72) (10731AU/mL) (p = 0.001). Patients with IBD not receiving TNF-inhibitors still showed attenuated responses compared to HC (10730AU/mL versus 19622AU/mL p = 0.02). Conclusion(s): Patients with IBD have attenuated serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination after post booster vaccine. Use of anti-TNF therapy negatively impacts anti-SP IgG levels further. Patients who do not seroconvert post-vaccination are a particularly vulnerable cohort and causes for attenuated vaccine response need to be further investigated.